Inficon Composer Gas Concentration Controller Manual de usuario Pagina 43
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IPN 074-289L
Composer Operating Manual
Chapter 2
How the Instrument Works
2.1 Speed of Sound and Gas Composition
The speed of sound, C, in an ideal gas is equal to:
[1]
where:
= 1.4 for Air [2]
T = Kelvin temperature
R = Universal Gas Constant = 8.3143 x 10
7
erg/(Mole K)
M = Molecular Weight (AMU)
Equation [1] may be expanded for binary mixtures by modifying the Specific
Heat Ratio and molecular weight to account for the Mole Fraction of component
two, x, as follows.
[3]
[4]
So the speed of sound of the mixtures,
C
M
, is:
[5]
which holds for any ideal mixture; that is, a mixture that is formed without
change in volume.
The Instrument System determines the speed of sound by precisely
determining the gasses’ fundamental resonant frequency in a fixed chamber of
length L. At resonance, a standing half wave exists in the Resonant Chamber,
so the speed of sound and frequency are related as follows:
C
γRT
M
----------=
γ
C
p
C
v
------
Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure
Heat Capacity at Constant Volume
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
==
γ 1
x
γ
1
1–
--------------
1x–
γ
2
1–
--------------+
1–
+=
MxM
1
1x–()M
2
+=
C
M
γRT
M
----------=
- COMPOSER 1
- 09/24/97 5
- Registration Card 7
- BUSINESS REPLY MAIL 8
- Warranty 9
- Table Of Contents 11
- TOC - 2 12
- Chapter 2 12
- How the Instrument Works 12
- Chapter 3 13
- Applications Guide 13
- TOC - 4 14
- Chapter 4 14
- Operation 14
- TOC - 6 16
- Chapter 1 19
- Getting Started 19
- 1.2 Using this Manual 20
- 1.4.1 Application Support 22
- 1.6 Physical Requirements 24
- 1.7.2 Rated Input 26
- 1.10 Installation 27
- 1.10.1 Physical Installation 28
- 1 - 11 29
- 1 - 13 31
- Requirements 32
- 1 - 15 33
- 1 - 16 34
- 1 - 17 35
- 1 - 18 36
- 1 - 19 37
- 1.10.5 Sensor Installation 39
- 1 - 22 40
- 1 - 23 41
- 1 - 24 42
- vs. Instrument’s Frequency 46
- 2.3 Control Loop Primer 48
- (control signal is increased) 49
- IAE e t() td 50
- 2.4 Fuzzy Logic 51
- 2 - 10 52
- PID Control: 53
- Fuzzy Logic Control 53
- 2.5 Instrument Overview 54
- 2.6.1 Transducer 55
- 2 - 14 56
- 2.6.2 Controller 57
- 2 - 16 58
- 2 - 17 59
- 2.6.3 Monitor Software 60
- 2.6.5 Setup Tool Software 60
- 2 - 19 61
- 2 - 20 62
- Mode Be Used? 67
- Date (1997) 70
- KALREZ Viton 71
- He 2.5 1.7 71
- H2 113 21 71
- N2 0.05 0.031 71
- Ar 6.1 4.1 71
- 3 - 10 72
- 3 - 11 73
- 3 - 12 74
- 3 - 13 75
- 3 - 14 76
- 3 - 15 77
- 3 - 16 78
- 3 - 17 79
- 3 - 18 80
- 3.1.14 Analog I/O Option — 81
- 3 - 20 82
- 3.2 Tutorials 83
- 3 - 23 85
- 3 - 24 86
- 3 - 25 87
- 3 - 27 89
- 3 - 28 90
- 3 - 29 91
- 3 - 30 92
- 3 - 31 93
- 3 - 32 94
- changes or grounding 95
- 3 - 34 96
- 4.2 Calibration 98
- 4.2.3 How to Calibrate 99
- Composer Operating Manual 100
- Composer Operating Manual 101
- 4 - 10 106
- 4 - 11 107
- 4 - 12 108
- Ú below, and section 108
- 4 - 13 109
- 4 - 14 110
- IPN 074-289L 111
- 4 - 16 112
- 4 - 17 113
- 4 - 18 114
- 4 - 19 115
- 4 - 20 116
- 4 - 21 117
- 4 - 22 118
- 4 - 23 119
- 4.3.6.2 SENSOR Connector 120
- 4 - 25 121
- 4 - 26 122
- 4 - 28 124
- 4.3.7 Parameter Entry 125
- 4 - 30 126
- Chapter 5 127
- Maintenance 127
- 5.6.2 Leak Detection of the 129
- Secondary Containment Vessel 129
- (LCD Display Option Only) 132
- Chapter 6 133
- Diagnosing Problems 133
- 6.5 User Diagnostics 139
- 6.6 Error Detection 142
- Chapter 7 143
- External Communications 143
- 7.3 Communication Settings 144
- 7.4 Basic Command Structure 144
- 7.4.4 Error Codes 152
- 7 - 11 153
- 7.4.5 Examples 154
- Chapter 8 155
- Software Guide 155
- 8.2.2 Software Installation 156
- 8.2.3 First Time Use 157
- 8.3 Software Reference 160
- 8.3.2 Toolbar 164
- 8 - 11 165
- 8.3.3 Ribbon Bar 166
- 8 - 13 167
- Table 8-4 Ribbon Bar Buttons 167
- 8 - 14 168
- 8 - 15 169
- 8 - 16 170
- 8 - 17 171
- 8 - 18 172
- 8 - 19 173
- 8.3.6 Sweep Mode 174
- 8.3.7 Amplitude Track Mode 175
- 8.3.8 Control State 176
- 8 - 23 177
- 8.3.9 Setup Data Log File 178
- 8.3.10 Setup Data Display 179
- 8 - 26 180
- 8 - 27 181
- 8.3.13 I/O Status 182
- 8.3.14 About 182
- 8 - 29 183
- 8.5 Multiple Composers 184
- Chapter 9 185
- Bibliography 185
- Chapter 10 187
- Glossary 187
- 10 - 2 188
- 10 - 3 189
- 10 - 4 190
- 10 - 5 191
- 10 - 6 192
- 10 - 7 193
- 10 - 8 194
- Chapter 11 195
- Recommended Parts List 195
- 11.1 Replacement Parts 195
- 11 - 2 196
- Chapter 12 197
- Quick Use Guide 197
- 12 - 2 198
- 12 - 3 199
- 12 - 4 200
- Index - 1 201
- Index - 3 203
- Index - 4 204
- Index - 5 205
- Index - 6 206
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